The so-called first Feminists : orthodoxy and innovation in England's Seventeenth-Century discussion of women's education

Authors

  • Kamille Stone Stanton Savannah State University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18172/jes.142

Keywords:

women’s education, Bathsua Makin, Mary Astell, querelle des femmes genre, feminism, seventeenth-century

Abstract

This essay examines the writings of women’s education advocate Bathsua Makin (1608-1675) in an effort to determine to what extent they were the product of traditional print debates about women and to what extent they were the innovative foundation for the ideas of Mary Astell (1668-1731), whose efforts on behalf of women have been deemed feminist by twentieth-century scholars. Through a close reading of Makin’s treatise, An Essay to Revive the Antient Education of Gentlewomen (1673), a contextualisation of her ideas with the querelle des femmes genre and an examination of both overlapping and distinguishing elements of her work and that of Astell, this essay argues for a reassessment of the importance of Makin’s contribution to the seventeenth-century debate of women’s education.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agrippa, Henry Cornelius. 1980 (1670). Female Pre-eminence: or the Dignity and Excellence of that Sex, above the Male. The Feminine Controversy of the Renaissance. Delmar: Scholars’ Facsmilies & Reprints.

Agrippa, Henry Cornelius. 1652. The Glory of Women: or a Looking-Glasse for Ladies. Trans. H. C. London.

Astell, Mary. 1997 (1694). A Serious Proposal to the Ladies. Parts I and II. Edited with an introduction and notes by Patricia Springborg. London: Pickering and Chatto.

Drake, Judith. 1696. An essay in defence of the female sex. London: printed for A. Roper and E. Wilkinson at the Black Boy, and R. Clavel.

Haskins, Ekaterina V. 1997. “A Woman’s Inventive Response to the Seventeenth-century Querelle des Femmes”. Listening to their Voices: The Rhetorical Activities of Historical Women. Ed. Molly Meijer Wertheimer. Columbia: University of South Carolina. 288-301.

Hill, Bridget. 1986. The First English Feminist: Reflections on Marriage and Other Writings by Mary Astell. New York: St Martin’s Press.

Hobby, Elaine. 1989. Virtue of Necessity: English Women’s Writing 1646-1688. London: Virago Press.

Makin, Bathsua. 1998 (1673). “An Essay to Revive the Antient Education of Gentlewomen in Religion, Manners, Arts & Tongues. With an Answer to the Objections Against This Way of Education”. Bathsua Makin, Woman of Learning. Ed. Frances Teague. London: Associated University Presses. 109-150.

Smith, Hilda L. 1989. “‘All Men and Both Sexes’: Concepts of Men’s Development, Women’s Education, and Feminism in the Seventeenth Century”. Man, God, and Nature in the Enlightenment. Eds. Donald C. Mell, Jr., Theodore E. D. Braun and Lucia M. Palmer. East Lansing: Colleagues Press. 75-84.

Teague, Frances. 1998. Bathsua Makin, Woman of Learning. London: Associated University Presses.

Teague, Frances. 2000. “A Voice for Hermaphroditical Education”. ‘This Double Voice’: Gendered Writing in Early Modern England. Eds. Danielle Clarke and Elizabeth Clarke. London: Macmillan Press. 249-269.

Weitz Miller, Nancy. 1997 (1673). “Ethos, Authority, and Virtue for Seventeenth-century Women Writers: The Case of Bathsua Makin’s Essay to Revive the Antient Education of Gentlewomen”. Listening to their Voices: The Rhetorical Activities of Historical Women. Ed. Molly Meijer Wertheimer. Columbia: University of South Carolina. 272-287.

Downloads

Published

29-05-2009

How to Cite

Stone Stanton, K. (2009). The so-called first Feminists : orthodoxy and innovation in England’s Seventeenth-Century discussion of women’s education. Journal of English Studies, 7, 71–81. https://doi.org/10.18172/jes.142

Issue

Section

Articles