Fragmentation, birds, and conservation of the "Polylepis" Forest in Southern Peru

Pablo Franco-León; Marco Alberto Navarro Guzman; Eduardo Oyague Passuni; Javier Ignacio Apaza; Cesar Jove Chipana

doi:10.18172/cig.5823

Authors

Pablo Franco Research Group on Arid Zones, Deserts, and Climate Change - ARlDESA at the National University Jorge Basadre Grohman, Tacna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6367-3515
Marco Navarro Institute of Applied Renewable Energies Research at the Private University of Tacna. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0516-5990
Eduardo Oyague Assistant Professor in the School of Environmental Engineering, Juan Santos Atahualpa National Intercultural University of the Central Jungle (UNISCJSA) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3376-021X
Javier Ignacio Takana Herbarium, Faculty of Sciences, Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University, Tacna-Peru. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6089-8957
Cesar Jove Takana Herbarium, Faculty of Sciences, Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University, Tacna-Peru. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0264-7767

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.5823

Keywords:

Moquegua, Tacna, Landscape ecology, protected areas, sustanaible development

Abstract

In the southernmost Andean regions of Peru, Moquegua, and Tacna, close to Chile and Bolivia borders, large forest stands of Polylepis species are essential for the social, economic, and environmental functionality of six basins. However, the need for more knowledge about their ecology, limited conservation efforts, and insufficient technical capacities for territorial regulation could accelerate their structural and functioning deterioration. Using landscape ecology -interdisciplinary science shaped by geography and biology- we found that in four evaluated areas, the composition of birds (and therefore also the resources they use) is differentiated by the influence of landscape fragmentation. Only two protected areas were legally recognized in the region, but they were established to cover small and remote isolated territories, which makes it challenging to conserve them effectively. Due to the poverty conditions common among the local communities, extractive or pastoralist activities conducted in large areas can trigger higher forest fragmentation rates. Under these circumstances, the valuable ecosystem services in the study area would be permanently lost or maintained at high risk. Because of these risks, specific measures were proposed to improve the social-environmental management of the forest by implementing mechanisms aimed at generating sustainable economic benefits in a healthy environment and social peace.

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Author Biographies

Pablo Franco, Research Group on Arid Zones, Deserts, and Climate Change - ARlDESA at the National University Jorge Basadre Grohman, Tacna

Pablo J. Franco is a Peruvian biologist, a registered researcher at the National Science and Technology Council (CONCYTEC), and a faculty member at Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University (UNJBG) in Tacna, southern Peru. He received his degree in Biology at San Agustin National University (UNSA) and holds a Ph.D. Degree in Environmental Sciences from Santa Maria Catholic University (UCSM), both in Arequipa, Peru. He has authored or co-authored several peer-reviewed articles on high Andean ecosystems. Pablo currently serves as director of the General Research Institute of the Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University in Tacna, Peru. He has developed several research projects on the ecology and biodiversity of high Andean and desert ecosystems in southern Peru.

Marco Navarro, Institute of Applied Renewable Energies Research at the Private University of Tacna.

Marco Alberto Navarro Guzmán is a Peruvian biologist who graduated from the Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University of Tacna, Peru, as a specialist in biodiversity and conservation. He is interested in the study of arid and high Andean ecosystems, particularly in the modeling of ecological niches and habitats of wild flora and fauna species, in order to improve their conservation strategies. Marco also works in conservation management in the Regional Management of Natural Resources and Environmental Management of the Regional Government of Tacna, Peru.

Eduardo Oyague, Assistant Professor in the School of Environmental Engineering, Juan Santos Atahualpa National Intercultural University of the Central Jungle (UNISCJSA)

Doctoral student and Research Assistant in the Mountain Ecosystem Science program at the Warner College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University (CSU, Fort Collins, Colorado). Assistant Professor in the School of Environmental Engineering, Juan Santos Atahualpa National Intercultural University of the Central Jungle (UNISCJSA). Former Director of the Office of Technology Transfer and Innovation (OTIN) and Associate Researcher in high mountain ecosystem research projects at Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University (Tacna, Peru, 2019 - 2021). Former Director (2011 - 2019) and currently Associate Researcher at the Limnology Division of CORBIDI. Biologist specialized in Ecology, with an MSc in Water Resources Engineering, both from the National Agrarian University La Molina (Lima, Peru). Between 2008 and 2018, worked in environmental consultancy related to extractive projects. Between 2011 and 2018, served as a staff scientist, limnology specialist, and leader of the physical-environmental sciences team at Knight Piésold Consultores. Between 2004 and 2008, engaged in research on continental aquatic ecosystems in the Rio los Amigos Conservation Concession (ACCA-ACA), Cordillera Azul National Park (CIMA-Cordillera Azul), and Yanachaga Chemillén National Park (CORBIDI-MINAM).

Javier Ignacio, Takana Herbarium, Faculty of Sciences, Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University, Tacna-Peru.

Javier Ignacio-Apaza is a Peruvian who obtained a Bachelor’s Degree from the Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University, Tacna, Peru. Javier has supported various efforts in the field in evaluations of flora and fauna in the regions of Tacna and Moquegua, Peru.

Cesar Jove, Takana Herbarium, Faculty of Sciences, Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University, Tacna-Peru.

Cesar A. Jove is a Peruvian biologist who graduated from Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University (UNJBG) in Tacna, Peru. With experience in managing research and environmental projects, he has participated in research projects on the flora and fauna associated with high Andean forests and wetlands. He currently works as a research assistant at the National University of Moquegua (UNAM) in Peru.

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