Multi-temporal analysis of sediment yield caused by hydric erosion in a basin of the Anoia-Penedès vineyard region (NE Spain)

J. A. Martínez-Casasnovas; M. Guevara Bonilla; M. C. Ramos

doi:10.18172/cig.1277

Autores/as

J. A. Martínez-Casasnovas Universitat de Lleida
M. Guevara Bonilla Universitat de Lleida
M. C. Ramos Universitat de Lleida

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.1277

Palabras clave:

Erosión de suelos, región Mediterránea, sistema agroforestal, SWAT

Resumen

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el análisis de la variabilidad multitemporal de la producción de sedimentos en un sistema agroforestal de la región del Penedès (NE España). En esta área los materiales originarios de los suelos son altamente erosionables, lluvias de alta intensidad son frecuentes, y también se dan otros factores externos como los cambios de uso del manejo del suelo y abandono de medidas tradicionales de conservación de suelos, que favorecen los procesos de erosión. La herramienta Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) fue aplicada para estimar la escorrentía y la erosión de suelos a escala de cuenca durante la década 2001-2010, usando datos detallados de suelos, usos del suelo y relieve. Se encontraron diferencias importantes en cuanto a escorrentía y producción de sedimentos a lo largo de los años analizados. Las zonas de bosques y otras con diferente grado cobertura natural fueron responsables del 48.8% de los sedimentos exportados, siendo el 82.0% de estos sedimentos generados en las paredes desnudas de barrancos. Las áreas agrícolas produjeron el 51.2% restante de los sedimentos totales generados. In estas zonas, y particularmente en los viñedos, las prácticas tradicionales de cultivo fueron eliminadas durante las transformaciones de tierras habidas, permaneciendo el suelo prácticamente descubierto durante la mayor parte del año. La década analizada (2001-2010) representa un ejemplo de la situación cada vez más frecuente que se observa en esta región bajo las condiciones del cambio climático actual.

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Citas

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