Respuesta eco-hidrológica de los suelos en campos abandonados (sur de España)

José-Damián Ruiz Sinoga; Juan Francisco Martínez Murillo

doi:10.18172/cig.1281

Autores/as

José-Damián Ruiz Sinoga Universidad de Málaga
Juan Francisco Martínez Murillo Universidad de Málaga

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.1281

Palabras clave:

Abandono, resiliencia, degradación de suelos, hidrología superficial, erosión

Resumen

El proceso de abandono del campo en zonas marginales por la entrada en crisis de la actividad agricola, y de la economia natural agraria, ha constituido un verdadero cambio de uso del suelo a gran escala. Los efectos del abandono del campo sobre la calidad de las tierras son muy diversos, dependiendo de las condiciones climaticas y del estado de los suelos, muy variable desde el punto de vista espacio-temporal. Asi, suelos bajo condiciones climaticas favorables, con cubierta vegetal, pueden regenerarse con el tiempo por la acumulacion de material organico e incremento de la actividad floral y de la fauna, mejorando su estructura, aumentando la infiltracion del agua y, por tanto, decreciendo la erosion hidrica potencial. El proposito de este trabajo fue caracterizar el patron de vegetacion de varios campos abandonados hace mas de 50 anos, localizados en las Cordilleras Beticas Internas sobre relieves de litologias metamorficas, asi como la respuesta hidrologica de sus suelos mediante el seguimiento espacio-temporal de la humedad y la aplicacion de lluvia simulada, haciendo especial enfasis en el efecto ocasionado por sus condiciones superficiales. Los resultados han mostrado como las condiciones superficiales de sus suelos estan indicando estadios diferentes en la evolucion de estos despues del abandono de la actividad agricola: los campos con mas abundantes lluvias han alcanzado un equilibrio entre sus condiciones climaticas, topograficas y erosivas, mientras que los que estan en condiciones mas semiaridas aun se encuentran en una fase anterior donde la erosion hidrica puede presentar una elevada actividad durante los escasos eventos lluviosos.

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