Variabilidad espacial de los cambios de cauce en una rambla mediterránea en las seis últimas décadas (1946-2006)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.2530Palabras clave:
crecidas, formas del cauce, usos del suelo, incisión, horst, grabenResumen
En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis de los cambios morfológicos ocurridos en la cuenca y el cauce de la Rambla de Cervera, situada en la parte oriental del Sistema Ibérico. El tramo de estudio (16.5 km) discurre primero confinado en un horst (5.5 km), y posteriormente en un graben (11 km). Los cambios en el cauce han sido estudiados y cartografiados a partir de la fotografía aérea y levantamientos topográficos realizados con un GPS-RTK, para ser después analizados mediante SIG. Entre 1946 y 2006 la rambla redujo la anchura de su cauce en un 68.5%, la superficie del canal de gravas se redujo en un 47.5% y se registró una incisión media de 3.5 m. Estos cambios, al igual que en otros ríos mediterráneos, se han atribuido a la progresiva disminución del caudal y del sedimento disponible a lo largo del siglo XX, producidos fundamentalmente por los cambios de usos del suelo, la extracción de áridos y la variabilidad hidroclimática. Los cambios observados presentan una interesante variabilidad temporal, con una reducción máxima del canal de gravas entre 1946 y 1956 y un segundo período entre 1977-1991, mientras que la incisión se aceleró a partir de 1977. El trabajo se centra en el análisis del comportamiento diferencial entre los sectores del horst y el graben del tramo fluvial. El primero muestra una tendencia evolutiva más regular, mientras que el segundo sector presenta periodos de inversión de tendencias. En el presente trabajo se analizan esas diferencias y se establece un modelo explicativo sobre los factores locales que influyen en este contrastado comportamiento. Los cambios en la geometría hidráulica provocados por el confinamiento y por la incisión, así como la variabilidad hidrológica espacio-temporal son responsables de las diferencias entre ambos sectores. Así, el cambio de un sector confinado a otro no confinado y el incremento del radio hidráulico influyen en el comportamiento de las crecidas a lo largo del período.
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