Within-in flume sediment deposition in a forested catchment following wildfire and post-fire bench terracing, north-central Portugal

J.J. Keizer; M.A.S. Martins; S.A. Prats; S.R. Faria; O. González-Pelayo; A.I. Machado; M.E. Rial-Rivas; L.F. Santos; D. Serpa; M.E.T. Varela

doi:10.18172/cig.2700

Autores/as

J.J. Keizer Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Dept. Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro
M.A.S. Martins Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Dept. Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro
S.A. Prats Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Dept. Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro
S.R. Faria Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Dept. Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro
O. González-Pelayo Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Dept. Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro
A.I. Machado Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Dept. Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro
M.E. Rial-Rivas Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Dept. Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro
L.F. Santos Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Dept. Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro
D. Serpa Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Dept. Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro
M.E.T. Varela Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Dept. Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.2700

Palabras clave:

deposición de sedimentos, producción de sedimentos, incendio forestal, terrazas, Portugal.

Resumen

Numerosos estudios llevados a cabo en todo el mundo han demostrado que los incendios forestales aumentan las tasas de erosión del suelo a escala de parcela. Sin embargo, muy pocos han monitorizado las pérdidas por erosión post-incendio a escala de cuenca, especialmente en la región mediterránea. Originalmente, el proyecto FIRECNUTS tenía como objetivo ampliar esta investigación, instrumentando una cuenca recientemente quemada con dos canales de flujo con capacidades máximas de 120 y 1700 l s^-1. Sin embargo, la cuenca experimental fue aterrazada con un bulldozer seis meses después del incendio. Además, el canal más pequeño sufrió sedimentación desde el inicio de su construcción. Este estudio intentó determinar si la cuantificación de este depósito de sedimentos podría proporcionar información sobre la exportación de sedimentos de un área quemada que posteriormente fue aterrazada. Para este objetivo, se recogieron y pesaron los sedimentos depositados en 101 ocasiones a lo largo de tres años. Los resultados revelaron que: (i) las cantidades de sedimentos depositados durante los tres años hidrológicos fueron relativamente pequeñas, variando entre 0.030 y 0.046 Mg ha^-1 a^-1; (ii) las terrazas, consideradas como una técnica de conservación de suelos y agua, no produjeron una clara disminución de la sedimentación, pues fue la misma antes y después del aterrazamiento (0.8 kg mm-1 de caudal); (iii) la sedimentación diaria podría explicarse por el volumen de precipitación diaria y el volumen máximo del caudal diario.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

J.J. Keizer, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Dept. Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro

Researcher

Citas

APHA (American Public Health Association) 1998. Total suspended solids dried at 105 degrees Celsius method 2540D. In Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, 20th ed., Washington, DC, USA.

Arnáez, J., Lana-Renault, N., Lasanta, T., Ruiz-Flaño, P., Castroviejo, J. 2015. Effects of farming terraces on hydrological and geomorphological processes. A review. Catena 128, 122-134.

Bodí, M., Cerdà, A., Mataix-Solera, Doerr, S. H. 2012. Efectos de los incendios forestales en la vegetación y en el suelo de la cuenca mediterránea: revisión. Boletín AGE 58, 33-55.

Cardoso, J.C., Bessa, M.T., Marado, M.B. 1971. Carta dos solos de Portugal (1:1,000,000). Serviço de Reconhecimento e de Ordenamento Agrário, Secretaria de Estado da Agricultura, Lisbon, Portugal.

Cardoso, J.C., Bessa, M.T., Marado, M.B. 1973. Carta dos solos de Portugal (1:1,000,000). Agronomia Lusitana 33, 461-602.

Cerdà, A. 1998. Changes in overland flow and infiltration after a rangeland fire in a Mediterranean shrubland. Hydrological Processes 12, 1031-1042.

Cerdà, A., Bodí, M.D. 2007. Erosión hídrica en suelos afectados por incendios forestales. In: Mataix-Solera, J. (ed.): Incendios forestales, suelos y erosión hídrica, CEMACAM, Font Roja-Alcoi, pp. 71-118.

Cerdà, A., Doerr, S.H. 2008. The effect of ash and needle cover on surface runoff and erosion in the immediate post-fire period. Catena 74, 256-263.

DRA-Centro (Direcção Regional do Ambiente do Centro) 1998. Plano de bacia hidrográfica do Rio Vouga, 1ª fase, Análise e diagnóstico da situação de referência, Análise biofísica. Anexos. Lisboa, Portugal.

DUDF (Direcção de Unidade de Defesa da Floresta) 2011. Relatório Anual de Áreas Ardidas e Ocorrências 2010. Autoridade Florestal Nacional, Lisboa.

Fernandéz-Raga, M., Fraile, R., Keizer, J.J., Varela, M.E.T., Castro, A., Palencia, C., Calvo, A.I., Koenders, J., Marques, R.L.C. 2010. The kinetic energy of rain measured with an optical disdrometer: An application to splash erosion. Atmospheric Research 96, 210-240.

Ferreira, A. de B. 1978. Planaltos e montanhas do norte da Beira – estudo de geomorfologia. Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Lisbon, Portugal.

Ferreira, A.J.D., Coelho, C.O.A., Ritsema, C.J., Boulet, A.K., Keizer, J.J., 2008. Soil and water degradation processes in burned areas: lessons learned from a nested approach. Catena 74, 273-85.

Inbar, M., Tamir, M., Wittenberg, L. 1998. Runoff and erosion processes after a forest fire in Mount Carmel, a Mediterranean area. Geomorphology 24, 17-33.

Keeley, J.E. 2009. Fire intensity, fire severity and burn severity: A brief review and suggested usage. International Journal of Wildland Fire 18 (1), 116-126.

Lavabre, J., Martin, C. 1997. Impact d’un incendie de forêt sur l’hydrologie et l’érosion hydrique d’un petit bassin versant méditerranéan. Human Impact on Erosion and Sedimentation (Proceedings of Rabat Symposium S6, April 1997). IAHS Publication 245, 39-47.

Leighton-Boyce, G., Doerr, S.H., Shakesby, R.A., Walsh, R.P.D. 2007. Quantifying the impact of soil water repellency on overland flow generation and erosion: a new approach using rainfall simulation and wetting agent on in situ soil. Hydrological Processes 21, 2337-2345.

Malvar, M.C., Prats, S.A., Nunes, J.P., Keizer, J.J. 2011. Post-fire overland flow generation and inter-rill erosion under simulated rainfall in two eucalypt stands in north-central Portugal. Environmental Research 111, 222-236.

Malvar, M.C., Martins, M.A.S., Nunes, J.P., Robichaud, P.R., Keizer, J.J. 2013. Assessing the role of pre-fire ground preparation operations and soil water repellency in post-fire runoff and inter-rill erosion by repeated rainfall simulation experiments in Portuguese eucalypt plantations. Catena 108, 69-83.

Martins, M.A.S., Machado, A. I., Serpa, D., Prats, S.A., Faria, S.R., Varela, M.E.T., Gonzalez- Pelayo O., Keizer J.J. 2013. Runoff and inter-rill erosion in a Maritime Pine and a eucalypt plantation following wildfire and terracing in north-central Portugal. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 61 (4), 261-269.

Mataix-Solera, J., Cerdà, A., Arcenegui, V., Jordán, A., Zavala, L.M. 2011. Fire effects on soil aggregation: a review. Earth-Science Reviews 109, 44-60.

Mayor, A.G., Bautista, S., Llovet, J., Bellot, J. 2007. Post-fire hydrological and erosional responses of a Mediterranean landscape: seven years of catchment-scale dynamics. Catena 71, 68-75.

Morgan, R.P.C. 2005. Soil erosion and conservation. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Bodmin.

Pereira, J.M.C., Carreiras, J.M.B., Silva, J.M.N., Vasconcelos, M.J. 2006. Alguns conceitos básicos sobre os fogos rurais em Portugal. In Incêndios Florestais em Portugal: Caracterização, Impactes e Prevenção, J.S. Pereira, J.M.C. Pereira, F.C. Rego, J.M.N. Silva, T.P. Silva (Eds.), ISAPress, Lisboa, pp. 133-161.

Prats, S.A., Malvar, M.C., Vieira, D.C.S, MacDonald L.H., Keizer J.J. 2013 (in press). Effectiveness of hydro-mulching to reduce runoff and erosion in a recently burnt pine plantation in central Portugal. Land Degradation & Development, doi: 10.1002/ldr.2236.

Prats, S.A., Malvar, M.C., Martins, M.A.S., Keizer, J.J. 2014a. Post-fire erosion risk assessment and mitigation: new approaches for reducing runoff and soil erosion in Portugal. Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 40 (2), 403-427.

Prats, S.A., Martins, M.A.S., Malvar, M.C., Ben-Hur, M., Keizer, J.J. 2014b. Polyacrylamide application versus forest residue mulching for reducing post-fire runoff and soil erosion. Science of the Total Environment 468-469, 464-474.

Razzetto, G.F. 2013. Impacts of terracing after wildfires on soil water and matter budgets under eucalypt plantations following an artificial terracing time series. MSc thesis, Technical University of Dresden, Germany.

Shakesby, R.A. 2011. Post-wildfire soil erosion in the Mediterranean: Review and future research directions. Earth-Science Reviews 105, 71-100.

Shakesby, R.A., Doerr, S.H. 2006.Wildfire as a hydrological and geomorphological agent. Earth- Science Reviews 74, 269-307.

Shakesby, R.A., Boakes, D.J., Coelho, C.O.A., Gonçalves, A.J.B., Walsh, R.P.D., 1996. Limiting the soil degradational impacts of wildfire in pine and eucalyptus forests, Portugal: comparison of alternative post-fire management practices. Applied Geography 16, 337-356.

SNIRH (Serviço Nacional de Informação dos Recursos Hídricos) 2011. On-line hydrometeorological data base (http://www.snirh.pt; accesses December 2011).

Sokal, R.R., Rohlf, F.J. 1981. Biometryseconded. W.H.Freeman and Company, New York, USA.

Terry, J.P., 1996. Erosion pavement formation and slope process interactions in commercial forest plantations, northern Portugal. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 40, 97-115.

Varela, M.E., Benito, E., Keizer, J.J. 2010. Wildfire effects on soil erodibility of woodlands in NW Spain. Land Degradation and Development 21, 75-82.

Verstraeten, G., Poesen, J. 2001. Variability of dry sediment bulk density between and within retention ponds and its impact on the calculation of sediment yields. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 26, 375-394.

WRB 2006. World reference base for soil resources 2006. World Soil Resources Reports, 103. FAO, Rome.