Land degradation trend assessment over Iberia during 1982-2012

C.M. Gouveia; P. Páscoa; A. Russo; R.M. Trigo

doi:10.18172/cig.2945

Autores/as

C.M. Gouveia Instituto Dom Luís, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande. Edifício C8, Piso 3, 1749-016 Lisboa http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3147-5696
P. Páscoa Instituto Dom Luís, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa
A. Russo Instituto Dom Luís, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0042-2441
R.M. Trigo Instituto Dom Luís, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4183-9852

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.2945

Palabras clave:

degradación del suelo, NDVI, Precipitación, Península Ibérica, RESTREND, SPEI-SPI

Resumen

La degradación del suelo es un problema ambiental y social en regiones áridas y semiáridas, particularmente en un contexto de cambio climático. En las tres últimas décadas toda la cuenca mediterránea se ha visto afectada por sequías más frecuentes, cubriendo amplios sectores y a menudo con una duración superior a un año. La Península Ibérica se ha visto igualmente afectada por intensos eventos de sequía desde la década de 1980. Según el último informe del IPCC, la Península Ibérica sufrirá más estrés hídrico en las próximas décadas como consecuencia del descenso de la precipitación y el incremento medio de las temperaturas extremas. Esta perspectiva climática, junto con el abandono de tierras y/o intensificación de algunas áreas, requiere un monitoreo continuo y una detección temprana de la degradación. Este trabajo trata de contribuir a esos objetivos.

La degradación del suelo podría definirse como un deterioro a largo plazo en la productividad de los ecosistemas. Aquí establecemos la capacidad del NDVI como indicador de la degradación del suelo en Iberia desde 1982 a 2012. Las tendencias negativas de los residuales obtenidos eliminando la influencia de la precipitación en el NDVI se asumieron como indicadores de degradación del suelo. Una generalizada mejoría del suelo se observó en Iberia, con unos pocos puntos calientes de degradación, localizados principalmente en la zona central y meridional y en las costas mediterránea y atlántica. La comparación de los patrones espaciales de las tendencias de los residuales con sequía para las regiones áridas subraya la relativamente pequeña proporción de suelo degradado que sufre una creciente sequía, casi completamente perteneciente a la zona semiárida. Por otro lado, la mejoría del suelo se asocia sólo con la tendencia a la humedad en el sector húmedo del nordeste. Además, menos del 20% del área que presenta degradación del suelo corresponde a regiones asociadas con cambios de uso del suelo, estando los nuevos usos del suelo relacionados con matorrales, cultivos permanentes y anuales y áreas de regadío.

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