Técnicas de restauración de suelos basadas en el uso de residuos orgánicos: seis años de beneficios sobre las propiedades de un suelo forestal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.3422Palabras clave:
enmiendas orgánicas, reforestación, carbono orgánico, estabilidad estructural de agregados, deshidrogenasaResumen
Restaurar la vegetación nativa es una de las maneras más efectivas de recuperar la calidad de los suelos forestales. Después de la repoblación, durante el enraizamiento del plantón, los beneficios de la vegetación sobre el suelo aún no se manifiestan y los suelos siguen siendo altamente vulnerables a la erosión y pérdida de carbono orgánico. Los procesos de degradación podrían minimizarse mediante la implementación de enmiendas orgánicas. El objetivo es analizar los beneficios del uso de diferentes enmiendas orgánicas sobre algunas propiedades del suelo. Los tratamientos seleccionados fueron: (i) suelos reforestados y enmendados con un acolchado de restos de paja; (ii) suelos reforestados y enmendados con un acolchados de astillas de pino carrasco (Pinus halepensis Mill.); (iii) suelos reforestados y enmendados con lodos de depuradora; (iv) suelos reforestados y enmendados con estiércol de origen vacuno y; (v) no enmendados. Todas las enmiendas se aplicaron a dosis de 10 Mg ha-1. Seis años después de su aplicación, únicamente la adición de enmiendas orgánicas, tipo acolchado de paja o poda, han supuesto un incremento significativo de los valores de carbono orgánico del suelo respecto a la reforestación bajo condiciones de suelo desnudo. Este aumento estaba directamente relacionado el aumento de la actividad microbiológica que favorece el incremento de la estabilidad media de los agregados. Los tratamientos con lodos de depuradora o estiércol de origen vacuno, no serían métodos útiles para la mejora de la calidad del suelo.
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