Impact of mechanisation on soil loss in terraced vineyard landscapes

A. Pijl; P. Barneveld; L. Mauri; E. Borsato; S. Grigolato; P. Tarolli

doi:10.18172/cig.3774

Autores/as

A. Pijl Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1176-516X
P. Barneveld Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University
L. Mauri Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0557-8541
E. Borsato Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova
S. Grigolato Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2089-3892
P. Tarolli Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-5226

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.3774

Palabras clave:

RUSLE, erosión, mecanización, viñedos en terrazas, compactación, Noroeste de Italia

Resumen

La pérdida de suelo amenaza las áreas de montaña, particularmente donde la economía local depende fuertemente de la agricultura. Los viñedos muestran las tasas de erosión más altas especialmente en los paisajes que presentan pendientes escarpadas. El impacto de la mecanización en los viñedos en la pérdida de suelo ha sido escasamente investigado. Este estudio provee una estimación de la tasa de pérdida de suelo anual utilizando la Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) en 24 terrazas de viñedos situadas en el noreste de Italia. Las observaciones de campo mostraron que 13 viñedos estaban completamente mecanizados, 5 viñedos no presentaron ninguna forma de mecanización, y 6 viñedos presentaron prácticas mixtas. La erodibilidad del suelo (factor K) fue derivada de las prácticas (basada en el grado de compactación), mientras que la longitud y el grado de la pendiente (factor LS) fueron calculados a partir de MDT 1-m basado en LiDAR, y los factores restantes fueron obtenidos de las bases de datos de la European Soil Data Centre. Las tasas de erosión en los terrenos mecanizados fueron un 29% mayor que las de los terrenos no mecanizados (53.9 y 69.5 t ha^-1 año^-1, respectivamente), sin embargo, no fue estadísticamente significativo. No obstante, el impacto directo de la mecanización es subestimada en esta comparación, debido a la pendiente escarpada en los terrenos cultivados manualmente. Adicionalmente, la estimación de la pérdida de suelo combinada con la mecanización de senderos, caminos y terrenos es significativamente mayor con un 37% más de pérdida que los terrenos no mecanizados. Este estudio ofrece una indicación de cómo la compactación del suelo por la maquinaria y la transformación de las terrazas e infraestructura incrementa el riesgo de la pérdida de suelo.

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