Trends and land surface phenological responses to climate variability in the Argentina Pampas

B. Lara; M. Gandini; P. Gantes; S.D. Matteucci

doi:10.18172/cig.4310

Autores/as

B. Lara Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Laboratorio de Investigación y Servicios en Teledetección
M. Gandini Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Laboratorio de Investigación y Servicios en Teledetección
P. Gantes Universidad Nacional de Luján (UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES-CONICET)
S.D. Matteucci Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Grupo de Ecología de Paisajes y Medio Ambiente (GEPAMA), Universidad de Buenos Aires

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.4310

Palabras clave:

variabilidad climática, fenología de la superficie terrestre, MODIS, ENSO, ganancias de carbono, región pampeana de Argentina

Resumen

Comprender la interacción entre los procesos de la superficie terrestre y la atmósfera es fundamental para predecir los efectos del cambio climático futuro sobre el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas y la dinámica del carbono. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron analizar las tendencias en métricas de la fenología de la superficie terrestre derivadas de sensores remotos, y revelar su relación con la precipitación y el fenómeno ENSO en la región pampeana de Argentina. A partir de una serie temporal de imágenes del Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI) de MODIS para el período 2000-2014, se obtuvo para la región pampeana de Argentina el inicio de la estación de crecimiento (SOS), la integral anual del NDVI (i-NDVI, estimador lineal de la productividad anual), el tiempo del máximo anual del NDVI (t-MAX) y el rango relativo anual de NDVI (RREL, estimador de la estacionalidad). Posteriormente, se analizaron las relaciones espaciales y temporales con el Índice Multivariado del ENSO (MEI) y la precipitación. Los resultados mostraron una tendencia negativa en la productividad anual en un 53,6% del área de estudio asociado a zonas de pastizales naturales y semi-naturales, mientras que un 40,3% de la Pampa Argentina mostró una tendencia positiva significativa en la estacionalidad de las ganancias de carbono. Este estudio también revela que la variabilidad climática tiene un impacto significativo en la fenología de la superficie terrestre de la región pampeana, aunque este impacto es heterogéneo. SOS y t-MAX mostraron una correlación negativa significativa con la precipitación, lo que indica una ocurrencia más temprana. El 23,6% y 28,4% del área de estudio mostró una correlación positiva de la productividad anual con el MEI y la precipitación, respectivamente, asociado a pastizales (en el primer caso) y sobre pastizales y áreas agrícolas en el segundo caso. La variabilidad climática no explicó la variabilidad en la estacionalidad de la fenología. Las relaciones encontradas entre las métricas de la fenología de la superficie terrestre y la variabilidad climática podrían ser importantes para la implementación de estrategias para el manejo de los recursos naturales.

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