Fog harvesting potential for domestic rural use and irrigation in San Cristobal Island, Galapagos, Ecuador

P. Echeverría; Ch. Domínguez; M. Villacís; S. Violette

doi:10.18172/cig.4382

Autores/as

P. Echeverría Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Nacional
Ch. Domínguez Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2971-7163
M. Villacís 1) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Nacional 2) Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, IGE (UMR 5001), Grenoble, France
S. Violette 4 Laboratoire de Géologie, École Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Paris, UMR 8538, France 5 Sorbonne Université - UFR.918 TEB, Paris, France

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.4382

Palabras clave:

Intercepción de agua de neblina, niebla, balance hidrológico, déficit de agua, Galápagos

Resumen

El archipiélago de Galápagos es una zona semiárida que carece de fuentes de agua superficiales. Debido a su posición geográfica y a la presencia de corrientes oceánicas, estas islas están cubiertas de neblina durante siete meses al año, lo que puede representar una fuente potencial de suministro de agua para la población. En este estudio, se investigó la factibilidad de la captura de niebla para uso rural y riego mediante el uso de dos colectores estándar de niebla (SFC) de 50% y 35% de coeficiente de sombra de 1 m² y una red cilíndrica (CFN) de 0.15 m² a 600 m de elevación en el barlovento de la isla San Cristóbal (Galápagos). La metodología aplicada consiste en la cuantificación del balance hidrológico mensual y anual a diferentes altitudes en un año promedio y en un año seco, utilizado los gradientes orográficos de precipitación, evapotranspiración e intercepción de niebla. Este último fue usado para estimar la disponibilidad de agua de niebla para satisfacer cualquier déficit hídrico. La intercepción de niebla se estimó por medio de un modelo geométrico y el uso de diferentes variables climáticas. Por otra parte, la demanda de agua en la zona rural para consumo doméstico y ganadería se estimó por el método de cuotas, mientras que la demanda de agua para agricultura se calculó a través del balance hidrológico. Los resultados muestran que la cantidad de niebla capturada alcanza los 7.9, 5.9 y 3.4 mm/d con el colector 50-SFC, 35-SFC y CFN, respectivamente. Comparando estos resultados con otros lugares alrededor del mundo, se evidenció que la captura de niebla en Galápagos supera el promedio. Un sistema de colectores de 50-SFC se diseñó a diferentes elevaciones para cubrir el 25% y el 15% del déficit de agua en el año promedio y el año seco, respectivamente.

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