Diferencias espacio temporales de la tasa de acumulación de sedimentos en el lago Gościąż (Polonia central) como respuesta a las condiciones meteorológicas y a la morfometría del lago
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https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.4724Palabras clave:
Morfometría lacustre, lago dimíctico, resuspensión de sedimentos, tasa de acumulación de sedimento, seguimiento hidrometeorológicoResumen
Las condiciones meteorológicas y la morfometría de la cuenca son clave en el estudio de las tasas de sedimentación en lagos. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo estos factores afectan a las variaciones espaciales y estacionales de la tasa de sedimentación en el epilimnion y el hipolimnion del lago Gościąż. Para determinar las tasas de sedimentación, se instalaron seis trampas de sedimentos en diferentes localizaciones dentro del lago y a diferentes profundidades. Los datos meteorológicos se obtuvieron de una estación próxima al lago. Además, se midió de manera constante la temperatura de la columna de agua y, durante campañas de campo, su grado de oxigenación y transparencia. Se analizaron cambios estacionales en la composición del sedimento mediante frotis para microscopio. El estudio indica que la tasa de sedimentación incrementó conforme la pendiente del fondo del lago aumentaba, y que había más sedimento en el hipolimnion que en el epilimnion, especialmente en verano y en otoño. Se observó una clara variación estacional en los picos de sedimentación al principio de la primavera y en otoño. Los resultados dependieron significativamente del relieve del fondo del lago, del viento y de la temperatura del aire, que a su vez influenciaron la temperatura del agua. Los resultados muestran que la acumulación de sedimento en el Lago Gościąż depende de las condiciones hidrodinámicas, las cuales están determinadas por la velocidad y dirección del viento, la temperatura del agua y la pendiente del fondo del lago. Las características del relieve del fondo del lago y su orientación relativa a los vientos predominantes son factores significativos que explican la diferenciación espacial de la tasa de sedimentación y la composición del material sedimentado. Las zonas someras del lago (litorales y sublitorales) son una fuente importante de sedimento del material acumulado en la zona profunda. Los patrones y mecanismos de la sedimentación contemporánea del lago Gościąż, definidos en este trabajo pueden ser aplicados al estudio de otros lagos, así como en la evaluación de la representatividad de sitios de muestreo para sedimentos laminados en estudios paleoambientales.
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