Present climate of lake Montcortès (Central Pyrenees): paleoclimatic relevance and insights on future warming

Valentí Rull; Javier Sigró; Teresa Vegas-Vilarrúbia

doi:10.18172/cig.5412

Autores/as

Valentí Rull Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB-CSIC) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9961-105X
Javier Sigró University Rovira i Virgili (Tarragona) http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0969-0338
Teresa Vegas-Vilarrúbia University of Barcelona http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9136-136X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.5412

Palabras clave:

climatología, paleoclimatología, temperatura, precipitación, climograma, gradientes altitudinales, calentamiento global, Lago de Montcortès, Pirineos centrales

Resumen

Los sedimentos varvados del lago pirenaico de Montcortès (Pallars Sobirà, Lleida) constituyen un paleoarchivo continuo de alta resolución para los últimos 3000 años que es único a nivel de la región mediterránea. Gracias a la variedad de registros paleoclimáticos y paleoecológicos que se han obtenido en estos sedimentos tan poco comunes, el lago se ha convertido en una referencia para la región. Las características geográficas, ecológicas y limnológicas del lago y sus alrededores son razonablemente bien conocidas, pero la falta de una estación meteorológica ha impedido caracterizar adecuadamente el clima actual, lo cual es necesario para desarrollar estudios de análogos modernos orientados a la reconstrucción paleoclimática, así como para predecir el impacto potencial del calentamiento global. En este artículo se caracteriza el clima local del área de Montcortès para el período 1955-2020, utilizando una red de estaciones meteorológicas cercanas situadas en un transecto altitudinal a lo largo de la misma cuenca fluvial en la que se encuentra el lago. La existencia de gradientes altitudinales estadísticamente significativos para la temperatura y la precipitación (-0.59 °C y 82 mm por cada 100 m de altitud, respectivamente) ha permitido estimar estos parámetros y su régimen estacional para el área del lago. La temperatura media anual estimada es 9.7±0.8 °C y la precipitación total anual estimada es 1031±34 mm, en promedio. También se ha construido un climograma que se puede utilizar como una síntesis climática descriptiva y una herramienta de comparación. El mismo análisis ha proporcionado datos climáticos para aplicar a estudios de análogos modernos orientados a optimizar la interpretación de registros sedimentarios en términos climáticos y ecológicos. Además, los cambios estacionales observados en la intensidad de los gradientes altitudinales han resultado útiles para sugerir posibles tendencias climáticas futuras en un escenario de calentamiento general.

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