Evaluación de la degradación del suelo y sequías en una región árida utilizando índices de sequía, índice de vegetación ajustado al suelo modificado y datos de sensores remotos Landsat
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https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.5523Palabras clave:
Ain Sefra, MSAVI, Clima seco, sequia, sostenibilidadResumen
Ain Sefr, en las montañas Ksour, está situada en el suroeste de Argelia, donde el clima es árido. El área de estudio se enfrenta progresivamente a la regresión y degradación exacerbada por el cambio climático. Estas tendencias apuntan a una aceleración significativa de la desertificación y la sequía y a la pérdida de sistemas de producción que desempeñan un papel social, ecológico y económico crítico en la región. Para comprender mejor el peligro natural de la sequía en Ain Sefra y el impacto del cambio climático, se varios índices de sequía y datos de teledetección. Al analizar los registros de precipitación desde 1965 hasta 2021, a través de varios índices de sequía, se identificaron las sequías como un fenómeno recurrente. Además, la frecuencia de años secos sucesivos es relativamente alta. Hubo tres períodos secos continuos más prolongados. La primera fase duró siete años, de 1980 a 1987, la segunda doce años, de 1994 a 2006, y la tercera nueve años, de 2012 a 2021. El cálculo del Índice de Vegetación Ajustado al Suelo Modificado (MSAVI) para cinco imágenes satelitales multifecha nos permitió seguir la evolución de los elementos de uso del suelo en esta región desde 1977 hasta 2017. De hecho, el estudio de estas imágenes multitemporales revela un crecimiento considerable de arenas, moviéndose hacia el norte y noreste de la zona durante las últimas décadas. La combinación de índices de sequía y sensores remotos parece ser muy prometedores, pues sus resultados son valiosas herramientas de orientación y apoyo a la decisión de los entes locales y regionales.
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