Evaluación espacialmente continua de la dinámica de la fenología vegetal en España entre 1983 y 2020 a partir de imágenes de satélite
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.5739Palabras clave:
fenología vegetal, teledetección, cambio global, NOAA-AVHRRResumen
En este estudio se analiza espacialmente la fenología vegetal y sus variaciones a lo largo del tiempo en la España peninsular e Islas Baleares. Para realizar el análisis se ha generado una serie temporal de casi 40 años (1983-2020) a partir de la fusión de valores del índice de vegetación NDVI de imágenes de satélite procedentes de los sensores NOAA-AVHRR y MODIS. El cálculo de las variables fenológicas se ha realizado con TIMESAT 3.3. que ha extraído 13 fenométricas cuya tendencia se ha evaluado a partir del modelo Theil-Sen y la significación de esta con el test de Mann Kendal. Los resultados muestran diferencias regionales entre la España eurosiberiana y la mediterránea respecto a las fenofases de inicio y final de temporada. Las zonas eurosiberianas de media han visto retrasadas sus fechas de inicio y final de temporada, en torno a 0,35 y 0,22 días cada año a lo largo del periodo de estudio respectivamente, mientras que la región mediterránea ha adelantado las fechas de salida de las hojas y la senescencia de media alrededor de 0,07 y 0,05 días al año. También se ha observado una tendencia al reverdecimiento de toda el área de estudio e importantes contrastes entre las cubiertas del suelo que abren la puerta a futuros estudios que profundicen en estas diferencias de comportamiento y en sus interacciones con los cambios en el clima y en la gestión del territorio.
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