Consecuencias del fuego en la composición de la vegetación y su influencia en la distribución del Leaf Area Index (LAI) mediante imágenes multi-resolución

Pedro Martín Ortiz; Fernando Pérez-Cabello; Cristian Iranzo Cubel; Raquel Montorio Lloveria

doi:10.18172/cig.6769

Autores/as

Pedro Martín Ortiz Universidad de Zaragoza https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6156-3110
Fernando Pérez-Cabello Universidad de Zaragoza https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4831-4060
Cristian Iranzo Cubel Universidad de Zaragoza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3359-6213
Raquel Montorio Lloveria Universidad de Zaragoza https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7403-1764

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.6769

Palabras clave:

vegetacion, fuego, regeneración, teledetección, LAI

Resumen

En las últimas décadas, los incendios forestales constituyen una de las principales perturbaciones de los ecosistemas mediterráneos. Comprender cómo se recuperan las formaciones afectadas es fundamental para evaluar su resiliencia y gestionar adecuadamente medidas de restauración hidrológico-forestal. Este estudio analiza la regeneración vegetal en zonas incendiadas representativas de la diversidad paisajística de Aragón (NE de la Península Ibérica), considerando (i) el tipo de vegetación colonizadora en relación con la preexistente y (ii) su impacto en la distribución espacial del Índice de Área Foliar (LAI), este último utilizado como proxy de la funcionalidad eco-fisiológica de las formaciones afectadas. Se hace uso de imágenes GeoSAT-2 de alta resolución espacial y colecciones Sentinel-2 L2A para obtener cartografías sobre la distribución de la vegetación actual y compuestos multitemporales de LAI, respectivamente. Se emplean tablas de contingencia derivadas de comparaciones diacrónicas del tipo de vegetación dominante (antes del fuego y en el momento actual) y modelos predictivos Random Forest (RF), que también han permitido determinar la importancia de diferentes factores naturales en la distribución espacial de las formaciones vegetales colonizadoras. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la alta dependencia entre las formaciones vegetales previas y las colonizadoras (χ² = 10.067) y el papel de las trayectorias regenerativas en la distribución espacial del LAI (p < 0.05), observándose una mayor regeneración en áreas donde predominaban especies con estrategias reproductivas activas (rebrote y serotinia). Asimismo, en la modelización mediante Random Forest (OOB = 21%) la vegetación preexistente emerge como el factor más determinante (MDG = 600) en la predicción de la vegetación actual, por encima de la severidad del fuego y la tendencia regenerativa del Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (MDG ≈ 250), cuyos efectos varían en función del tipo de formación vegetal.

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