Implementación y evaluación de un sistema de cámaras time-lapse para el seguimiento de la dinámica de la cubierta de hielo en pequeños lagos de alta montaña en los Pirineos (2021–2024)

Òscar Alemán-Milán

doi:10.18172/cig.6972

Autores/as

Òscar Alemán-Milán Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6442-9998

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.6972

Palabras clave:

hielo lacustre, fotografía time-lapse, cambio climático, lagos de montaña, calidad de imagen

Resumen

La fenología del hielo en lagos pequeños de alta montaña es un indicador sensible del cambio climático, pero su monitoreo sigue siendo limitado debido a la inaccesibilidad invernal y a las restricciones de resolución espacial y temporal de la teledetección satelital. Este estudio presenta la implementación y evaluación de LIMS-TL (Lake Ice Monitoring System – Time-Lapse), un sistema de adquisición automatizada de imágenes basado en cámaras programadas para el seguimiento de la cubierta de hielo en siete lagos naturales (6,5–24,5 ha) del Parque Nacional de Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici (Pirineos), durante tres temporadas invernales (2021–2024). LIMS-TL fue diseñado para operar en condiciones extremas y evaluado en términos de fiabilidad, autonomía energética y capacidad para registrar eventos clave de congelación y deshielo. Mediante la inspección visual experta de más de 17.500 imágenes, se identificó el 90 % de las fechas fenológicas clave (Inicio de la Congelación, Final de la Congelación, Inicio del Deshielo, Final del Deshielo) y se documentaron procesos dinámicos con alta resolución temporal. Además, se desarrolló una metodología de clasificación visual para evaluar la calidad de las imágenes, aplicando tres categorías según su utilidad para el análisis. En promedio, el 80,7 % de los días presentó al menos una imagen válida por lago durante la temporada 2021–2022. Este trabajo constituye la primera documentación sistemática de alta resolución temporal de la fenología del hielo en lagos pirenaicos, al lograr identificar las cuatro fechas clave del ciclo estacional. Las imágenes obtenidas representan un archivo visual valioso para el estudio detallado de la dinámica superficial y de los procesos hidrológicos asociados. A pesar de algunas limitaciones, como fallos técnicos puntuales o la acumulación de nieve en el objetivo, LIMS-TL demostró ser una herramienta eficaz, replicable y de bajo coste, aplicable tanto de forma autónoma como en combinación con otros métodos de observación. Esta metodología constituye una base sólida para ampliar el monitoreo de la dinámica del hielo lacustre en regiones de montaña y mejorar la comprensión de su evolución en un contexto de cambio climático.

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Biografía del autor/a

Òscar Alemán-Milán, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Research Group of Mountain Areas and Landscape (GRAMP), Department of Geography,
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.

Citas

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