Generación de mapas diarios de espesor de nieve a alta resolución espacial a partir de observaciones puntuales y fotografías automáticas diarias (time-lapse)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.3801Palabras clave:
distribución del manto de nieve, áreas de montaña, fotografía time-lapse, láser escáner terrestreResumen
En zonas de montaña, la adquisición de información distribuida del manto de nieve a elevada resolución espacio-temporal es muy laboriosa y además se ve limitado por las condiciones ambientales. Este trabajo presenta una metodología sencilla para generar mapas diarios de espesor de nieve combinando observaciones automáticas in-situ con una base de datos pre-existente de mapas de espesor de nieve. Las observaciones automáticas las constituyen datos diarios de espesor de nieve en un punto conocido (estación meteorológica) y fotografías time-lapse georectificadas de la superficie cubierta por nieve. La base de datos pre-existente, la conforman mapas de espesor de nieve obtenidos en el pico de acumulación de nieve anual generados con un Láser Escáner Terrestre (TLS). La zona de estudio en la que se ha validado esta metodología es la Cuenca Experimental de Izas en los Pirineos Centrales Españoles, cuenca en la que existen un total de seis temporadas hibernales (2011-2017) con las observaciones TLS así como con las variables nivo-meteorológicas necesarias para simular la distribución diaria del espesor de nieve. Las contrastadas características climáticas de las seis temporadas disponibles, permite analizar la posibilidad de emplear patrones de distribución de nieve observados una temporada en particular para simular la distribución en periodos sin observaciones distribuida (TLS u otros métodos). La mitología i) determina para las observaciones TLS en el pico de acumulación el ratio entre el valor máximo de espesor de nieve y los valores observados en el resto de pixeles, ii) re-escala diariamente dichos ratios para las zonas cubiertas por nieve a partir de la información de las fotografías time-lapse y iii) calcular la distribución de nieve con los ratios re-escalados y la observación diaria de espesor en nieve en la estación meteorológica. El promedio de los seis picos de acumulación observados con el TLS ha resultado ser la combinación que ha obtenido los mejores resultados. Pese a la simplicidad de esta metodología, los valores simulados han demostrado resultados alentadores cuando han sido comparados con observaciones de espesor de nieve en fechas particulares. Esto es debido principalmente al importante control que ejerce la topografía en la distribución del manto de nieve a pequeña escala en zonas heterogéneas de montaña, la cual tiene una elevada consistencia inter e intra-anual.Descargas
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