The Role of Green Roofs in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: Analyzing Performance During Extreme Rainfall Events

Andrea S. Brendel; Federico Ferrelli; Maximiliano Garay; Agustina Gutiérrez; Vanesa Perillo; María Cintia Piccolo

doi:10.18172/cig.6411

Autores/as

Andrea S. Brendel Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0909-4694
Federico Ferrelli Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5623-8929
Maximiliano Garay Universidad Nacional del Sur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9512-5580
Agustina Gutiérrez Universidad Nacional del Sur
Vanesa Perillo Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía / Universidad Nacional del Sur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-3119
María Cintia Piccolo Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía / Universidad Nacional del Sur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.6411

Palabras clave:

techo verde, modelo de balance hídrico, Escorrentía, eventos extremos de precipitación, especies nativas, ciudades sostenibles

Resumen

En este estudio se evaluó la capacidad de almacenamiento de agua y escorrentía de un simulador de techo verde extensivo en la ciudad de Bahía Blanca (Argentina), durante el evento de precipitación más extremo de los últimos 47 años. Para ello, se analizó la serie temporal de precipitación diaria del período 1961-2022. Se utilizó el modelo Green Roof con datos de precipitación y evapotranspiración potencial diaria y de capacidad de campo medidas in situ durante el año 2022 y se seleccionó el período más extremo en términos de precipitación. El modelo se aplicó considerando un simulador de techo verde con una superficie de 1 m², cubierto al 50 % por especies nativas. La profundidad del sustrato fue 15 cm y la capacidad máxima de almacenamiento de agua del suelo fue 58,7 mm. Bahía Blanca presentó una marcada variabilidad de las precipitaciones a diferentes escalas temporales. Las precipitaciones más frecuentes fueron las menores de 20 mm (89 %), seguidas de las de entre 20,1 y 40 mm (8 %). Se detectaron ocho eventos entre 80,1 mm y 100 mm, entre los que destaca el de 24 de marzo de 2022 por ser el evento de mayor precipitación diaria de los últimos 15 años (90,3 mm). Sin embargo, al analizar las precipitaciones acumuladas en tres días consecutivos, se observó que la cantidad registrada durante el período 23-25 de marzo (150,3 mm) fue la más extremo de los últimos 47 años y la segunda más importante de los 62 años analizados. Durante este evento se generó una escorrentía total de 83,4 mm, lo que indica que el simulador de techo verde tuvo una buena capacidad de almacenamiento de agua, alcanzando un 44,6 %. Considerando que se prevé un aumento en la frecuencia e intensidad de eventos pluviométricos extremos, los techos verdes representan una alternativa innovadora y sostenible para mitigar y adaptarse a los efectos del cambio climático, permitiendo además gestionar la escorrentía en entornos urbanos, particularmente en regiones con eventos pluviométricos extremos frecuentes, como Bahía Blanca.

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