The Portrayal of Social Realism in Select Short Stories of Sulaiman Layeq: A Critical Analysis of "The Dawn Over Abasin"

Zabihullah Adabpal; Rameshsingh M. Chauhan

doi:10.18172/cif.7040

Auteurs-es

Zabihullah Adabpal Kandahar University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-9828
Rameshsingh M. Chauhan Sardar Vallabhbhai Vanijya Mahavidyalaya College https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0556-6743

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.18172/cif.7040

Mots-clés :

Réalisme social, Sulaiman Layeq, Nouvelles, Pauvreté, Oppression, Exploitation

Résumé

Cette étude propose une analyse critique de l’œuvre littéraire contemporaine en langue ‎pachtoune The Dawn Over Abasin (1983) de Sulaiman Layeq à travers le prisme du ‎Réalisme social en tant que théorie littéraire. Ce recueil de nouvelles mobilise de manière ‎substantielle les éléments du réalisme social afin de représenter des aspects fondamentaux ‎de la société afghane, notamment l’oppression systématique des groupes marginalisés par ‎des forces sociales dominantes dans les contextes ruraux et urbains. Cette recherche ‎qualitative repose sur des ouvrages pertinents et reconnus en pachtou, des articles ‎scientifiques ainsi que des sources numériques fiables. Une approche d’analyse thématique a ‎été adoptée afin d’assurer un examen approfondi des thèmes du réalisme social présents dans ‎le texte. Les résultats démontrent que Layeq possède une connaissance approfondie de la ‎société afghane et qu’il articule systématiquement le réalisme social à travers des ‎représentations narratives convaincantes et illustratives qui renforcent directement et ‎indirectement le cadre théorique. L’auteur soutient constamment les pauvres, les exploités et ‎les opprimés, tout en condamnant explicitement les structures oppressives de la société. Par ‎exemple, dans la nouvelle « Le véritable héros », Layeq dépeint avec force la pauvreté ‎dominante et amplifie les voix des couches sociales marginalisées.‎

Téléchargements

Les données relatives au téléchargement ne sont pas encore disponibles.

Références

AAN OBITUARY. (2020). AAN Obituary: PDPA leader and poet Sulaiman Layeq (1930-2020). Retrieved from‎ Afghan Analyst Network, Kabul.

ADAMEC, L. W. (1979). First Supplement to the Who's Who of Afghanistan: Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Graz: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt. http://doi.org/10.2458/azu_acku_pamphlet_ds371_a2_a336_1975 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_acku_pamphlet_ds371_a2_a336_1975

AHMADZAI, A. (19 September 2019 г.). Da Academicain Sulaiman Layeq Nawiyama Kaliza Wanmanzal Shawa [The 90th Anniversary of Academician Sulaiman Layeq was Celebrated] . Retrieved from‎ http://www.benawa.com/

ANZOR, M. Z. (2022). Study of Contemporary Pashto Story Writing in the Light of Historical Consciousness. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Trends, 128-132. Retrieved from‎ https://www.multisubjectjournal.com

ASAR, M. A. (20 August 2022 г.). Culture. Retrieved from‎ Taand: www.taand.com

AZHAR, A. S. (2 August 2020 г.). Da Sulaiman Layeq Shahadat Stara Siyasi Farhangi Zaya [The Martyrdom of Sulaiman Layeq Is A Great Political - Literary Loss]. Retrieved from‎ Hod: http://howd.org/likene/2328-202

BAHAND, A. L. (2005). Naway Roh [New Soul]. Peshawar: Danish Publishing House. Tech Department.

BAJAWRAI, B. (2021). The Contemporary History of Pashto Literature: The Enlightenment Phase. Kabul: Jahan Danish Publishing Association.

BENAWA, A. R. (2009). Ossani Likwal [Contemporary Authors]. Kandahar: Allama Rashad Publishing Assoc. Sahaf Publishing Org.

CARON, J. (23 November 2018). Pashto Border Literature as Geopolitical Knowledge. Geopolitics, 1-18. http://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2018.1549035 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2018.1549035

COYLE, M. (Ed.). (1991). Encyclopedia of Literature and Criticism. London: Routledge.‎

DAWN. (2 October 2017 г.). 100 years of Pashto fiction celebrated. Retrieved from‎ Dawn: https://www.dawn.com/news/1361788/100-years-of-pashto-fiction-celebrated

DRABBLE, M. (1985). The Oxford Companion to English Literature (ed. 5th). London: Oxford University Press.

DUBEY, S. (2021). Social Realism in Selected Plays of Mahesh Dattani and Vijay ‎Tendulkar. [Doctoral Dissertation, Banasthali Vidyapith University]: ‎Shodhganga.‎

DUPREE, N. (1992). Socialist Realism in The Literature of Afghanistan. Journal of South Asian Literature, 27(2), 85–114. Retrieved from‎ http://www.jstor.org/stable/40874120

DUPREE, N. H. (1985). The Conscription of Afghan Writers: An Aborted Experiment in Social Realism. Central Asian Survey, 4(4), 69-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02634938508400524

EMADI, H. (2010). Dynamics of Political Development in Afghanistan: The British, Russian, and American Invasions. NY: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230112001

GARCÍA, M. I., and MUNIR, B. (30 June 2016 г.). Origins of the Pashto Language and Phases of Its Literary Evolution. Retrieved from‎ SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?

GHAZANFAR, A. (2024). Da Zhabi Shkula [The Beauty of Language]. Kandahar: Sadaqat Publishing Society.

HABIBI, A. H. (1981). Pa Osani Pashto Shaer Ki Da Zwand Sapai [The Waves of Life in Modern Pashto Poetry]. Kabul: The Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan, Pashto Association.

HASHIMI, S. M. (2010). Da Nasri Adab Dawlona [The Types of Prose Literature]. Nangarhar: Wahdat Publishing Association.

KENNEDY, X. J., and Gioia, D. (2013). Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing (ed.‎ 12th). Pearson.

LAYEQ, S. (2011). The Dawn Over Abasin [Da Abasin Spede - Pushtu]. (M. S. Batra, Перев.) Delhi: M/s. Printograph. (Original work published 1983).

LIWAL, A. G. (2015). Adabi Lidlori [Literary Perspectives]. Baluchistan: Quetta: Pashto Academy.

MADHAVI, K. G. (2017). Social Realism in Select Novels of Mahasweta Devi. : 2017. [Doctoral Dissertation, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam]: Shodhganga.

MASHAL, M. (13 August 2020 г.). "Rebel Poet's Death Leaves 40 Years of Epic Afghan Work Unfinished". Retrieved from‎ The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/13/world/asia/afghanistan-poet-Sulaiman-Layeq.html

MAY, C. E. (2002). The Short Story: The Reality of Artifice. Routledge.

MCHENRY, R. (2007). “Realism.” (15th Ed.). New York: Encyclopedia Britannica.‎

MUSLEH, W. (1 August 2020 г.). Da Sulaiman Shayari: Arzashi Jaj [The Poetry of Sulaiman Layeq: The Valuable Contemplation]. Retrieved from‎ CSRC: https://csrskabul.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08

PIRZADA, H. (4 August 2020 г.). Adabi Likani - Tanz [Literary Writings - Satire]. Retrieved from‎ Nann. Asia: https://www.nunn.asia/170088/

POE, E. A. (1846). The Philosophy of Composition. Graham’s Magazine, 28(4), 163-167.

REID, I. (1977). The Short Story (ed. 1st). New York: Routledge.

ROOHI, M. S. (2005). Da Pashto Adabyato Tarikh [The History of Pashto Literature] (2nd). Kabul: Danish Publishing Association.

ROOHI, M. S. (2011). The Modern Pashto Literature. (L. Mastkhil, Ed‎.) Kabul: Afghanistan Times.

SAPAND, A. J. (2019). Variety in the Content of Pashto Short Story. Pashto, 47(656). Retrieved from‎ http://pashto.org.pk/index.php/path/article/view/67

SAYDEE, S. N. (2022). Da Pashto Da Ghwara Dastani Adabyato Tahleli Serana [An Analytical Study of Great Pashto Fictitious Literature]. Kabul: Kabul University.

SHINWARI, D. (2014). Da Adab da Teuri Asasuna [Fundamentals of Literary Theory]. Jalalabad: Yar Publishing Association.

SHPOON, S. (2019). Da Lafzuno Shpoon [Shpoon as a Man of Words: Research, Criticism, Literary History, Language and Literature, Writing, Literary Theory, Social Writings and Translations]. (L. P. Azmon, Ed‎.) Kabul: Khatiz Publishing House.

SPOGMAI_FM. (2012). Academician Sulaiman Layeq Da Spogmai Pa Stoduio Ke (Academician Sulaiman Layeq: In the Studio of Spogmai). Kabul, Kabul, Afghanistan: Spogmai Radio. Retrieved from‎ 10 July 2023 г., https://youtu.be/hQfVq6KQraE

STAFF, C. N. (1998). Dictionary of Literary Terms. USA: Coles Publishing.

TURNBULL, J. (2010). Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press.

WIDMARK, A. (2011). Voices at the Borders, Prose on the Margins. Exploring the Contemporary Pashto Short Story in a Context of War and Crisis. Studia Iranica Upsaliensia, 1-232.

WILLIAMS, R. (1968). The Realism of Arthur Hiller ‘In Death of a Salesman and Criticism. (G. Weales, Ed‎.) New York: The Viking Press.

ZANDAGI ZEBAST. (30 July 2022 г.). [Life is Beautiful]. Peshgaman: Mustanadi Der Mowridi Sulaiman Layeq [Pioneers: A Documentary about Sulaiman Layeq]. Kabul, [Audio]. YouTube. Retrieved from‎ https://youtu.be/K3IF5-f9NAQ