Repelencia al agua en suelos forestales afectados por incendios y en suelos agrícolas bajo distintos manejos y abandono

M. B. Bodí; A. Cerdà; J. Mataix-Solera; S. H. Doerr

doi:10.18172/cig.1282

Autores/as

M. B. Bodí Universitat de València
A. Cerdà Universitat de València
J. Mataix-Solera Universidad Miguel Hernández
S. H. Doerr Swansea University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.1282

Palabras clave:

Hidrofobicidad, materia orgánica, no labrado, incendio forestal, manejo agrícola

Resumen

La repelencia al agua del suelo puede condicionar la cantidad de agua disponible en el suelo, la generacion de escorrentia y los procesos geomorfologicos. Este estudio cuantifica la repelencia al agua del suelo durante los meses de verano de 2008 y 2009 en zonas forestales afectadas por el fuego en diferentes anos y en suelos bajo distintos manejos agricolas utilizando el test del Tiempo de Penetracion de la Gota de Agua (WDPT test). Los resultados indican que la repelencia al agua aparece con mayor frecuencia y persistencia en suelos forestales que en agricolas. En los suelos forestales, disminuye al cabo de un ano tras un incendio y se recupera tras al menos mas de 12 anos. En los agricolas, aparece en suelos con cubiertas vegetales, pero es inexistente en suelos tratados con herbicidas y labrados. La presencia de la repelencia al agua se debe a la incorporacion al suelo de biomasa vegetal conforme la vegetacion se recupera tras el incendio o tras el abandono de los campos de cultivo, y procedente de las siegas o abonos verdes en el caso de los suelos agricolas. Los niveles de repelencia al agua cuantificados no son suficientemente elevados ni presentan la suficiente continuidad espacial como para provocar elevadas tasas de escorrentia y erosion en suelos agricolas estudiados, aunque pueden ocurrir tras incendios forestales si la vegetacion todavia no se ha restablecido. El abandono del campo supone un aumento de la repelencia que en este caso se ha visto reducida despues de un incendio.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

ARCENEGUI, V., MATAIX-SOLERA, J., GUERRERO, C., ZORNOZA, R., MAYORAL, A.M., MORALES, J., (2007). Factors controlling the water repellency induced by fire in calcareous Mediterranean forest soils, European Journal of Soil Science, 58: 1254-1259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.00917.x

ARNÁEZ, J., LASANTA, T., ERREA, M.P., ORTIGOSA, L., (2011). Land abandonment, landscape evolution and soil erosion in a Spanish Mediterranean mountain región: the case of Camero Viejo. Land Degradation and Development, 22: 537-550. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.1032

BENTLEY, J.R., FENNER, R.L., (1958). Soil temperatures during burning related to postfire seedbeds on a woodland range, Journal of Forestry, 56: 737-740.

BISDOM, E.B.A., DEKKER, L.W., SCHOUTE, J.F.T., (1993). Water repellency of sieve fractions from sandy soils and relationships with organic material and structure, Geoderma, 56: 105-118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-81490-6.50013-3

BLACKWELL, P.S., (2000). Management of water repellency in Australia, and risks associated with preferential flow, pesticide concentration and leaching, Journal of Hydrology, 231-232: 384-395. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00210-9

BLANCO-CANQUI, H., LAL, R., (2009). Extent of soil water repellency under long-term no-till soils, Geoderma, 149: 171-180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.11.036

BODÍ, M.B., CERDÀ, A., (2008). La estación experimental para el estudio y degradación de los suelos de el Teularet-Sierra de Enguera. En Erosión y degradación del suelo agrícola en España (Cerdà, A., Ed.). Cátedra de divulgación de la ciencia, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, pp. 209-238.

CERDÀ, A., DOERR, S.H., (2005). Influence of vegetation recovery on soil hydrology and erodibility following fire: an 11-year investigation. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14: 423-437. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/WF05044

CERDÀ, A., DOERR, S.H., (2007). Soil wettability, runoff and erodibility of major dry-Mediterranean land use types on calcareous soils. Hydrological Processes, 21: 2325-2336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6755

CERDÀ, A., BODÍ, M.B., (2008). Erosión y degradación de los suelos en los olivares del Macizo del Caroig. En La sustentabilidad del olivar en el macizo del Caroig. Prácticas sustentables y estrategia comercial de su aceite. Sociedad de Agricultura Ecológica del Macizo del Caroig, Macizo del Caroig Asociación, pp. 117-143.

CERDÀ, A., DOERR, S.H., (2008). The effect of ash and needle cover on surface runoff and erosion in the immediate post-fire period, Catena, 74: 256-263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2008.03.010

DEBANO, L.F., SAVAGE, S.M., HAMILTON, D.A., (1976). The transfer of heat and hydrophobic substances during burning. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 40: 779-782. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1976.03615995004000050043x

DEBANO, L.F., (1981). Water repellent soils: a state-of-the-art. United States Department of Agriculture, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Berkeley (California), 21 pp. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2737/PSW-GTR-46

DEKKER, L.W., RITSEMA, C.J., (1994). How water moves in a water repellent sandy soil. 1. Potential and actual water repellency. Water Resources Research, 30: 2507-2517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/94WR00749

DEKKER, L.W., RITSEMA, C.J., WENDROTH, O., JARVIS, N., OOSTINDIE, K., POHL, W., LARSSON, M., GAUDET, J.P., (1999). Moisture distributions and wetting rates of soils at experimental fields in the Netherlands, France, Sweden and Germany. Journal of Hydrology, 215: 4-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00258-3

DOERR, S.H., (1998). On standarizing the "Water Drop Penetration Time" and the "Molarity of an Ethanol Droplet" techniques to classify soil hydrophobicity: a case study using medium textured soils. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 23: 663-668. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199807)23:7<663::AID-ESP909>3.0.CO;2-6

DOERR, S.H., SHAKESBY, R.A., WALSH, R.P.D., (1998). Spatial variability of soil hydrophobicity in fire-prone eucaliptus and pine forests, Portugal. Soil Science, 14: 163. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199804000-00006

DOERR, S.H., SHAKESBY, R.A., WALSH, R.P.D., (2000). Soil Water repellency: Its causes, characteristics and hydro-geomorphological significance. Earth Science Reviews, 51: 33-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(00)00011-8

DOERR, S.H., THOMAS, A.D., (2000). The role of soil moisture in controlling water repellency: new evidence from forest soils in Portugal. Journal of Hydrology, 231-232: 134-147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00190-6

DOERR, S.H., MOODY, J.A., (2004). Hydrological impacts of soil water repellency: on spatial and temporal uncertainties. Hydrological Processes, 18: 829-832. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5518

DOERR, S.H., SHAKESBY, R.A., DEKKER, L.W., RITSEMA, C.J., (2006). Occurrence, prediction and hydrological effects of water repellency amongst major soil and land-use types in a humid temperate climate. European Journal of Soil Science, 57: 741-754. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00818.x

DOERR, S.H., SHAKESBY, R.A., (2009). Soil Water repellency. Principles, causes and relevance in fire-affected environments. En Efectos de los incendios forestales sobre los suelos en España (CERDÀ, A. Mataix-Solera, J., Eds.). Cátedra de divulgación de la ciencia. Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, pp. 57-75.

DOERR, S.H., SHAKESBY, R.A., MACDONALD, L.H., (2009). Soil Water repellency: A key factor in post-fire erosion. En Fire effects on Soils and Restoration Strategies. Land reconstruction and Management (Cerdà, A. Robichaud, P.R., Eds.). Science Publishers, pp. 373-398. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781439843338-c7

FRANCO, C.M.M., CLARKE, P.J., TATE, M.E., OADES, J.M., (2000). Hydrophobic properties and chemical characterisation of natural water repellent materials in Australian sands. Journal of Hydrology, 231-232: 47-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00182-7

GARCÍA-ORENES, F., CERDÀ, A., MATAIX-SOLERA, J., GUERRERO, C., BODÍ, M.B., ARCENEGUI, V., ZORNOZA, R.,SEMPERE, J.G., (2009). Effects of agricultural management on surface soil properties and soil-water losses in eastern Spain, Soil and Tillage Research, 106: 117-123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.06.002

GARCÍA RUIZ, J. M., (2010). The effects of land uses on soil erosion in Spain: A review. Catena, 81: 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2010.01.001

GARCÍA RUIZ, J.M, LASANTA, T., (1990). Land-use changes in the Spanish Pyrenees. Mountain Research and Development, 10: 267-279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3673606

GARCÍA RUIZ, J.M., VALERO, B., (1998). Historical geomorphic processes and human activities in the Central Spanish Pyrenees. Mountain Research and Development, 18: 309-320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3674096

GARCÍA RUIZ, J.M., LASANTA, T., ORTIGOSA, L., RUIZ FLAÑO, P., MARTÍ, C., GONZÁLEZ, C., (1995). Sediment yield under different land-uses in the Spanish Pyrenees. Mountain Research and Development, 15: 229-240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3673930

GIOVANNINI, G., LUCCHESI, S., CERVELLY, S., (1987). The natural evolution of a burnt soil: a three-year investigation. Soil Science, 137: 220-226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198703000-00009

GIMÉNEZ MORERA, A., RUIZ-SINOGA, J.D., CERDÀ, A., (2010). The impact of cotton geotextiles on soil and water losses in Mediterranean rainfed agricultural land. Land Degradation and Development, 21: 210-217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.971

GONZÁLEZ-VILA, F.J., ALMENDROS, G., GONZALEZ-PEREZ, A., KNICKER, H., GONZÁLEZ-VAZQUEZ, R., HERNANDEZ, Z., PIEDRA-BUENA, A., DE LA ROSA, J.M., (2009). Transformaciones de la materia orgánica del suelo por incendios naturales y calentamientos controlados en condiciones de laboratorio. En Efectos de los incendios forestales sobre los suelos en España. Cátedra de divulgación de la ciencia (Cerdà, A., Mataix-Solera, J., Eds.). Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, pp. 219-267.

HALLETT, P.D., BAUMGARTL, T.,YOUNG, I.M., (2001). Subcritical water repellency of aggregates from a range of soil management practices. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65: 184-190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2001.651184x

HUBBERT, K.R., ORIOL, V., (2005). Temporal fluctuations in soil water repellency following wildfire in chaparral steeplands, southern California. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 14: 439-117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/WF05036

HUFFMAN, E.L., MACDONALD, L.H., STEDNICK, J.D., (2001). Strength and persistence of fire-induced soil hydrophobicity under ponserosa and lodgepole pine, Colorado Front Range. Hydrological Processes, 15: 2877-2892. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.379

JAMISON, (1947). Resistance of wetting in the surface of sandy soils under citrus trees in central Florida and its effect upon penetration and the efficiency of irrigation. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 11: 103-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1947.036159950011000C0020x

KEELEY, J.E., (2009). Fire intensity, fire severity and burn severity: a brief review and suggested usage. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18: 116-126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/WF07049

KEIZER, J.J., DOERR, S.H., MALVAR, M.C., PRATS, S.A., FERREIRA, R.S.V., OÑATE, M.G., COELHO, C.O.A., FERREIRA, A.J.D., (2008). Temporal variation in topsoil water repellency in two recently burnt eucalypt stands in north-central Portugal. Catena, 74: 192-204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2008.01.004

LASANTA, T., VICENTE-SERRANO, S.M., (2007). Cambios en la cubierta vegetal en el Pirineo Aragonés en los últimos 50 años. Pirineos, 162: 125-1254 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/pirineos.2007.v162.16

LASANTA, T., GARCÍA RUIZ, J.M., PÉREZ RONTOMÉ, C., SANCHO, C., (2000). Runoff and sediment yield in a semi-arid environment: The effect of land management after farmland abandonment. Catena, 38: 265-278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(99)00079-X

LASANTA, T., PÉREZ RONTOMÉ, C., GARCÍA RUIZ, J.M., MACHÍN, J., NAVAS, A., (1995). Hydrological problems derived from farmland abandonment in semi-arid environments: The Central Ebro Depression. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 20: 309-314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-1946(95)00042-9

LEIGHTON-BOYCE, G., DOERR, S.H., SHAKESBY, R.A., WALSH, R.P.D., (2007). Quantifying the impact of soil water repellency on overland flow generation and erosion: a new approach using rainfall simulation and wetting agents on in situ soils. Hydrological Processes, 21: 2337-2345. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6744

MACDONALD, L.H., HUFFMAN, E.L., (2004). Post-fire soil water repellency: persistence and soil moisture thresholds. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68: 1729-2734. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.1729

MARINARI, S., MANCINELLI, R., CAMPIGLIA, E.,GREGO, S., (2006). Chemical and biological indicators of soil quality in organic and conventional farming systems in Central Italy. Ecological Indicators, 6: 701-711. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2005.08.029

MATAIX-SOLERA, J., DOERR, S.H., (2004). Hydrophobicity and aggregate stability in calcareous topsoils from fire-affected pine forests in southeastern Spain. Geoderma, 118: 77-88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(03)00185-X

MATAIX-SOLERA, J., ARCENEGUI, V., GUERRERO, C., MAYORAL, A.M., MORALES, J., GONZÁLEZ, J., GARCÍA-ORENES, F.,GÓMEZ, I., (2007). Water repellency under different plant species in a calcareous forest soil in a semiarid Mediterranean environment. Hydrological Processes, 21: 2300-2309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6750

MATAIX-SOLERA, J., GARCÍA-IRLES, L., MORUGÁN, A., DOERR, S.H., GARCIA-ORENES, F., ARCENEGUI, V., ATANASSOVA I., (2011). Longevity of soil water repellency in a former wastewater disposal tree stand and potential amelioration. Geoderma, 165: 332-337 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.006

NEARY, D.G., KLOPATEK, C., C., DEBANO, L.F., FFOLLIOTT, P.F., (1999). Fire effects on belowground sustainability: a review and synthesis. Forest Ecology and Management, 122: 51-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00032-8

NELSON, D.H.W., SOMMERS, L.E., (1982). Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. En Methods of soil analysis. Part II. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. (Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. Keeney, D.R., Eds.). American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp. 539-580. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c29

RITSEMA, C.J., DEKKER, L.W., (2000). Preferential flow in water repellent sandy soils: principles and modeling implications. Journal of Hydrology, 231-232: 308-319. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00203-1

SAVAGE, S.M., OSBORN, J., LETEY, J., HEATON, C., (1972). Substances contributing to fire-induced water repellency in soils. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America, 36: 674-678. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600040047x

SHAKESBY, R.A., DOERR, S.H., WALSH, R.P.D., (2000). The erosional impact of soil hydrophobicity: current problems and future research directions. Journal of Hydrology, 231-232: 178-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00193-1

SOIL SURVEY STAFF, (2006). Keys to Soil Taxonomy. United States Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation Services, Washington D.C.

TESSLER, N., WITTENBERG, L., MALKINSON, D., GREENBAUM, N., (2008). Fire effects and short-term changes in soil water repellency-Mt Carmel, Israel. Catena, 74: 185-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2008.03.002

VICENTE SERRANO, S.M., LASANTA, T., CUADRAT, J.M., (2000). Transformaciones en el paisaje del Pirineo como consecuencia del abandono de las actividades económicas tradicionales. Pirineos, 155: 111-113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/pirineos.2000.v155.91

WALLACH, R., BEN-ARIE, O., GRABER, E.R., (2005). Soil water repellency induced by long-term irrigation with treated sewage effluent. Journal of Environmental Quality, 34: 1910-1920. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0073

YORK, C.A., (1993). A questionnaire survey of dry patch on golf courses in the United Kingdom. Journal of Sports Turf Research, 69: 20-26.

ZAVALA, L.M., GONZÁLEZ, F.A., JORDÁN, A. (2009). Intensity and persistence of water repellency in relation to vegetation types and soil parameters in Mediterranean SW Spain. Geoderma, 152: 361-374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.07.011