Organización y ajuste de sedimentos en un tramo torrencial de la cabecera del río Ijuez, Pirineo central español
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.2566Palabras clave:
río torrencial, flujos de derrubios, río trenzado, ajustes del cauce, tamaño del sedimento, Pirineo centralResumen
Se estudia un tramo torrencial en la cabecera del río Ijuez, Pirineo central español, con el fin de analizar su dinámica en relación con la distribución espacial de los sedimentos. Este tramo se instala en el flysch eoceno, que habitualmente se comporta como altamente productor de sedimento, especialmente en condiciones de intensa actividad humana. El valle del río Ijuez fue cultivado y densamente poblado hasta mediados del siglo XX, causando la eliminación de la mayoría de los bosques y dando lugar a flujos de derrubios (debris flows), deslizamientos superficiales, erosión difusa y formación de barrancos muy activos. La consecuencia fue el desarrollo de una llanura aluvial caracterizada por el escombrado de grandes volúmenes de sedimento grueso. La organización espacial de los sedimentos muestra un progresivo descenso en el tamaño de los cantos, especialmente en el cauce actual, y mucho menos en el resto de la llanura aluvial, donde la variabilidad es muy grande. Los grandes bloques no presentan ninguna tendencia a lo largo del curso, reflejando la importancia de los flujos de derrubios e hiperconcentrados en el transporte de sedimento. El tramo torrencial estudiado no muestra un perfil longitudinal exponencial negativo, al contrario de lo que es habitual en los ríos de montaña. Este fenómeno se atribuye a la gran cantidad de sedimentos heterométricos que llegan masivamente desde las laderas, que impiden un marcado descenso en el tamaño del sedimento y el consiguiente ajuste del perfil longitudinal. Se ha detectado una tendencia reciente hacia la incisión del río en sus propios sedimentos, reflejando la reducción en el aporte de estos últimos debido al abandono de tierras y la reforestación, limitando la conectividad entre laderas y cauce.
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