A multiscale approach to assess geomorphological processes in a semiarid badland area (Ebro Depression, Spain)

V. Ferrer; P. Errea; E. Alonso; E. Nadal-Romero; A. Gómez-Gutiérrez

doi:10.18172/cig.3139

Autores/as

V. Ferrer Departamento de Geografía y Ordenación del Territorio, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza
P. Errea Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE-CSIC), Campus de Aula Dei, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza
E. Alonso Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE-CSIC), Campus de Aula Dei, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza
E. Nadal-Romero Departamento de Geografía y Ordenación del Territorio, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza
A. Gómez-Gutiérrez Grupo de Investigación GeoAmbiental (GIGA), Área de Geografía Física, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.3139

Palabras clave:

badlands, piping, escáner láser terrestre, fotogrametría SfM, dron

Resumen

En este trabajo, se evalúan y comparan tres métodos no-invasivos: (i) escáner láser terrestre (TLS), (ii) fotogrametría terrestre y técnicas Structure from Motion (SfM), y (iii) fotogrametría aérea y técnicas SfM a partir de imágenes capturadas con un dron (UAV), para producir nubes de puntos de alta resolución y crear modelos digitales de elevaciones (DEM) en badlands semiáridos muy complejos y con cierta actividad turística (Los Aguarales). Se analizaron los procesos y dinámicas geomorfológicas a diferentes escalas espaciales. Los resultados preliminares demostraron las posibilidades de un enfoque multiescalar, utilizando diferentes técnicas no invasivas, para evaluar diferentes procesos geomorfológicos. La alta resolución de las nubes de puntos, obtenidas con el TLS y la fotogrametría terrestre (SfM), ha permitido identificar numerosos detalles espaciales. Sin embargo, en el periodo de estudio (una primavera húmeda con un registro de precipitación de 200 mm) no se han registrado importantes cambios topográficos. Por otro lado, las imágenes obtenidas con el dron y las técnicas fotogramétricas permitieron cartografiar los pipes en la zona de estudio y confirman la viabilidad de esta herramienta para estudiar superficies de mayor tamaño en un corto periodo de tiempo. El uso de tecnologías no invasivas y un enfoque multiescalar para generar DEMs de alta resolución es una perspectiva adecuada y ventajosa para llevar a cabo estudios geomorfológicos en zonas de cárcavas semiáridas. Sin embargo, son necesarios estudios de mayor duración que nos permitan verificar la idoneidad de estas técnicas en paisajes complejos, y cuantificar los cambios topográficos y las tasas de erosión. Por último, destacar que los resultados obtenidos con estas nuevas herramientas podrían ser utilizados para promocionar el área de estudio como lugar de interés geomorfológico y turístico.

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