Erosion processes on different relief units: the relationship of form and process

T. Iserloh; S. Wirtz; M. Seeger; I. Marzolff; J.B. Ries

doi:10.18172/cig.3206

Autores/as

T. Iserloh Physical Geography, Trier University, Trier
S. Wirtz Physical Geography, Trier University, Trier
M. Seeger Physical Geography, Trier University, Trier
I. Marzolff Physical Geography, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main
J.B. Ries Physical Geography, Trier University, Trier

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.3206

Palabras clave:

unidades de relieve, procesos erosivos, simulación de lluvia, experimentos sobre cárcavas, monitoreo de cárcavas

Resumen

Las unidades geomorfológicas están relacionadas con ciertos procesos y con la historia de su formación. Además, se definen por sus formas y materiales. En este estudio se investigan los procesos de erosión en diferentes unidades de relieve. Simulaciones de lluvia, experimentos en rigolas y seguimientos a través de fotografía aérea se llevaron a cabo en dunas, glacis, rellenos holocenos, taludes y terrazas franco-arcillosos de origen cuaternario, con el objeto de conocer la variación en la intensidad de los procesos. Para ello, se evaluaron el impacto de las gotas de lluvia, la generación de escorrentía, la erosión en inter-rigolas y rigolas durante varios años. Las áreas de estudio se situaron en el NE y SE de España, sur de Marruecos y norte de Burkina Faso. Los resultados muestras claramente que los procesos medidos son muy diferentes entre sí según la formación de las propias unidades de relieve. Las dunas y los rellenos holocenos en los valles son altamente susceptibles a la erosión por el impacto de las gotas de lluvia y la formación de regueros. Por el contrario, las terrazas sobre materiales franco-arcillosos muestran baja susceptibilidad a los procesos de erosión. Por lo tanto, se puede concluir que las distintas unidades de relieve muestran diferentes dominancia e intensidad de procesos. Las diferencias son más significativas con el incremento de la escala y la complejidad del proceso erosivo: el crecimiento de las cárcavas varía mucho más entre diferentes unidades que los efectos del impacto de la gota de lluvia y la formación de rigolas.

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