Erosión del suelo en viñas cultivadas en pendiente bajo sistemas de gestión convencional y orgánica (Valle de Saar-Mosela, Alemania)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.3161Palabras clave:
erosión, viñedo ecológico, viñedo convencional, simulación de lluvia, caja GerlachResumen
Las viñas alemanas constituyen uno de los usos del suelo más susceptibles a la erosión. Debido a su emplazamiento sobre fuertes pendientes y a prácticas agrícolas poco sostenibles, la escorrentía y las pérdidas de suelo son un grave problema para los viticultores. En el valle del Sarre-Mosela (Renania-Palatinado, Alemania) existe actualmente una tendencia al manejo sostenible del suelo con medidas de protección como el uso de una cubierta vegetal entre calles. Dada la carencia de información sobre las diferencias erosivas entre laboreos convencionales y de conservación en las viñas alemanas, en este estudio comparamos ambos tipos de laboreo. Para ello, en dos parcelas experimentales localizadas en el Valle del Sarre-Mosela se realizaron 22 simulaciones de lluvia y se recogió el sedimento de 4 cajas Gerlach. Los resultados de las pruebas de simulación de lluvia en las viñas con laboreo convencional mostraron un coeficiente de escorrentía del 23.3% y pérdidas de suelo de 33.75 g m-2. En la viña con laboreo de conservación, solo en una de las once simulaciones de lluvia se registró escorrentía y pérdida de suelo. Un total de 33 eventos naturales de lluvia fueron monitoreados con las cajas Gerlach. En las viñas con laboreo convencional las tasas de pérdida de suelo oscilaron entre 3314.63 g m-1 y 6503.77 g m-1 y el volumen de escorrentía superficial entre 172.58 L m-1 y 105.52 L m-1. En cambio, en la parcela con laboreo de conservación los resultados de pérdida de suelo oscilaron entre 143.16 g m-1 y 258.89 g m-1, y entre 105.52 L m-1 y 172.58 L m-1 el volumen de escorrentía. Se observó que el laboreo y las pisadas de los viticultores fueron la causa principal que generó sedimento en los eventos sin registro de escorrentía. Por último, se observó que el manejo convencional generó unos resultados más variables e impredecibles que el laboreo de conservación.Descargas
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El autor o autora conserva todos los derechos sobre su artículo y cede a la revista el derecho de la primera publicación, no siendo necesaria la autorización de la revista para su difusión una vez publicado. Una vez publicada la versión del editor el autor está obligado a hacer referencia a ella en las versiones archivadas en los repositorios personales o institucionales.
El artículo se publicará con una licencia Creative Commons de Atribución, que permite a terceros utilizar lo publicado siempre que se mencione la autoría del trabajo y la primera publicación en esta revista.
Se recomienda a los autores/as el archivo de la versión de editor en repositorios institucionales.
