Neurobiología del desarrollo temprano

María Luisa Poch Olivé

doi:10.18172/con.487

Autores/as

María Luisa Poch Olivé Hospital San Millán

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18172/con.487

Resumen

Se describe el desarrollo del sistema nervioso humano desde las etapas embrionaria y fetal hasta los primeros años de vida, lo que se ha venido a llamar neuro-biología del desarrollo temprano. Se contemplan tanto los aspectos estructurales como los funcionales, los cambios que se producen y los factores genéticos y epigenéticos que influyen en dichos cambios. En la primera parte se describe la formación del sistema nervioso, la proliferación, organización y maduración neuronal añadiendo a los conocimientos "clásicos" las apor-taciones recientes de la genética y la citoarquitectura cerebral. También se revisan los conceptos actuales de plasticidad cerebral y la especialización por áreas como base bio-lógica de los aprendizajes = This paper describes the development of human nervous system from the embryonic and fetal phases to the first years of life, period called early developmental neurobiology. You can find the structural and functional aspects, the changes produced and the genetic and epigenetic factors that have influence in these changes. In the first part it is described the construction of the nervous system, the neural pro-liferation, organization and ripening, adding to the "classic" knowledge the new contri-butions of the genetics and the brain citoarchitecture. The paper also revises the recent concepts about the cerebral plasticity and the specialization in areas as the biological basis of learning

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